Car engine overheating: causes, signs and what to do
You are stuck in traffic on a hot day and notice the temperature needle climbing towards the red, or a red light appears on the dashboard. A car engine overheating is one of the most worrying situations on the road, but if you spot the signs early and know how to react, you can usually avoid expensive damage. Let us look at how to recognise it, the most common causes and what to do in the first few minutes.
If the temperature light has already come on once, do not put it off: find your nearest Motrio garage and have the cooling system checked before your next trip.
Signs your car engine is overheating: warning lights and symptoms
The clearest sign is the engine temperature warning light, usually shaped like a thermometer sitting in water. When it turns red or flashes, the engine is going above its normal running temperature, which generally stays between 90 and 105 degrees. On cars with an analogue gauge, the needle rising towards the red confirms the same problem.
Some symptoms come before the light. A sudden loss of power, a sweet syrup-like smell in the cabin or a light mist from under the bonnet often point to a coolant leak. Thick white steam from the bonnet is the most advanced sign and means you should stop straight away.
The cabin heater also gives a useful clue. If you turn the heat up and only cold air comes out while the engine is getting hot, there is usually too little coolant in circulation or an air pocket in the system. It is a check you can do in seconds while you weigh up the situation.
It helps to know which readings are normal. On most cars the running temperature settles around 90 degrees and the needle stays in the middle of the dial. A slow rise in stationary traffic that drops back once you move off is often normal, because air is no longer flowing over the radiator. It becomes a problem when the needle goes past halfway and keeps climbing even while driving, or when the warning light comes on, because the system is telling you the heat is no longer being cleared.
Common causes of car engine overheating and how to respond
The most common cause is low coolant, from a leak at the radiator, a hose or the water pump. Next come a stuck thermostat, which stops the coolant circulating, and a cooling fan that no longer switches on. On many models a worn belt or an expansion cap that no longer holds pressure can also send the engine temperature up.
Here is how to respond when the light comes on. Switch off the air conditioning and turn the heater to full, as this helps draw heat away from the engine. Pull over somewhere safe as soon as you can and switch off the engine. Never open the coolant cap while the engine is hot, because the system is under pressure and boiling coolant can cause burns. Wait until the engine has cooled before checking the level and only top up when the parts are cold.
Regular checks of the coolant are the most effective prevention, because a full circuit in good condition avoids most overheating. Summer adds extra load on the system, which is why it is worth checking it together with the air con recharge before long trips.
A common question is whether you can carry on for a few more miles to get home or to a garage. The answer is no: a few minutes with the engine overheating is enough to warp the cylinder head or blow the gasket, and the repair can run into several hundred pounds. A preventive check of the cooling system, by contrast, is inexpensive. It is better to stop and, if needed, call for recovery than to risk serious engine damage. It also helps to know what the dashboard warning lights mean and when to book a full vehicle service.
Engine and cooling system checks at a Motrio garage
Motrio garages carry out engine and cooling system checks, inspecting the circuit for leaks, the coolant level and condition, the thermostat and the water pump, so a leak is found before it can damage the cylinder head.
Motrio is a network of independent garages backed by the Renault Group, with short lead times and clear pricing, and offers a 1-year warranty on parts and labour. If you have seen the temperature warning light come on or the coolant level keeps dropping, find your nearest Motrio garage and head into summer with peace of mind.